2.
It was framed by a convention of the representatives of the people, who
met at Philadelphia, and finally adopted it on the 17th day of
September, 1787. It became the law of the land on the first Wednesday in
March, 1789. 5 Wheat. 420.
3.
A short analysis of this instrument, so replete with salutary
provisions for insuring liberty and private riglits, and public peace
and prosperity, will here be given.
4.
The preamble declares that the people of the United States, in order to
form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure public
tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general
welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to themselves and their
posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the United
States of America.
5.
- 1. The first article is divided into ten sections. By the first the
legislative power is vested in congress. The second regulates the
formation of the house of representatives, and declares who shall be
electors. The third provides for the organization of the senate, and
bestows on it the power to try impeachments. The fourth directs the
times and places of holding elections and the time of meeting of
congress. The fifth determines the power of the respective houses. The
sixth provides for a compensation to members of congress, and for their
safety from arrests and disqualifies them from holding certain offices.
The seventh directs the manner of passing bills. The eighth defines the
powers vested in congress. The ninth contains the following provisions:
1st. That the migration or importation of persons shall not be
prohibited prior to the year 1808. 2d. That the writ of habeas corpus
shall not be suspended, except in particular cases. 3d. That no bill of
attainder, or ex post facto law, shall be passed. 4th. The manner of
laying taxes. 5th. The manner of drawing money out of the treasury. 6th.
That no title of nobility shall be granted. 7th. That no officer shall
receive a present from a foreign government. The tenth forbids the
respective states to exercise certain powers there enumerated.
6.
- 2. The second article is divided into four sections. The first vests
the executive power in the president of the United States of America,
and provides for his election, and that of the vice-president. The
second section confers various powers on the president. The third
defines his duties. The fourth provides for the impeachment of the
president, vice-president, and all civil officers of the United States.
7.
- 3. The third article contains three sections. The first vests the
judicial power in sundry courts, provides for the tenure of office by
the judges, and for their compensation. The second provides for the
extent of the judicial power, vests in the supreme court original
jurisdiction in certain cases, and directs the manner of trying crimes.
The third defines treason, and vests in congress the power to declare
its punishment.
8.
- 4. The fourth article is composed of four sections. The first relates
to the faith which state records, &c., shall have in other states.
The second secures the rights of citizens in the several states for the
delivery of fugitives from justice or from labor. The third for the
admission of new states, and the government of the territories. The
fourth guaranties to every state in the Union the republican form of
government, and protection from invasion or domestic violence.
9. - 5. The Fifth Article provides for amendments to the constitution.
10.
- 6. The sixth article declares that the debts due under the
confederation shall be valid against the United States; that the
constitution and treaties made under its powers shall be the supreme law
of the land that public officers shall be required by oath or
affirmation to support the Constitution of the United States that no
religious test shall be required as a qualification for office.
11. - 7. The seventh article directs what shall be a sufficient ratification of this constitution by the states.
12.
In pursuance of the fifth article of the constitution, articles in
addition to, and amendment of, the constitution, were proposed by
congress, and ratified by the legislatures of the several states. These
additional articles are to the following import:
13. - 1. Relates to religious freedom; the liberty of the press; the right of the people to assemble and petition.
14. - 2. Secures to the people the right to bear arms.
15. - 3. Provides for the quartering of soldiers.
16. - 4. Regulates the right of search, and of arrest on criminal charges.
17.
- 5. Directs the manner of being held to answer for crimes, and
provides for the security of the life, liberty and property of the
citizens.
18.
- 6. Secures to the accused the right to a fair trial by jury.18. - 6.
Secures to the accused the right to a fair trial by jury.
19. - 7. Provides for a trial by jury in civil cases.
20.
- 8. Directs that excessive bail shall not be required; nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
21. - 9. Secures to the people the rights retained by them.
22.- 10. Secures the rights to the states, or to the people the rights they have not granted.
23. - 11. Limits the powers of the courts as to suits against one of the United States.
24. - 12. Points out the manner of electing the president and vice-president.
No comments:
Write comments