COLLATERAL ASSURANCE, contracts. That which is made over and above the deed itself.
COLLATERAL FACTS evidence. Facts unconnected with the issue or matter in dispute.
2.
As no fair and reasonable inference can be drawn from such facts, they
are inadmissible in evidence, for at best they are useless, and may be
mischievous, because they tend to distract the attention of the jury,
and to mislead them. Stark. Ev. h. t.; 2 Bl. Rep. 1169; 1 Stark Ev. 40; 3
Bouv. Inst. n. 3087.
3.
It is frequently difficult to ascertain a priori, whether a particular
fact offered in evidence, will, or will not clearly appear to be
material in the progress of the cause, and in such cases it is usual in
practice for the court to give credit to the assertion of the counsel
who tenders such evidence, that the facts will turn out to be material;
but this is always within the sound discretion of the court. It is the
duty of the counsel, however, to offer evidence, if possible, in such
order that each part of it will appear to be pertinent and proper at the
time it is offered; and it is expedient to do so, as this method tends
to the success of a good cause.
4.
When a witness is cross-examined as to collateral facts, the party
cross-examining will be bound by the answer, and he cannot, in general,
contradict him by another witness. Rosc. Ev. l39.
COLLATERAL ISSUE,
practice, pleading. Where a criminal convict pleads any matter, allowed
by law, in bar of execution; as pregnancy, a pardon, and the like.
COLLATERAL KINSMEN,
descent, distribution. Those who descend from one and the same common
ancestor, but not from one another; thus brothers and sisters are
collateral to each other; the uncle and the nephew are collateral
kinmen, and cousins are the same. The term collateral is used in
opposition to the phrase lineal kinsmen. (q. v.)
COLLATERAL SECURITY,
contracts. A separate obligation attached to another contract, to
guaranty its performance. By this term is also meant the transfer of
property or of other contracts to insure the performance of a principal
engagement. The property or securities thus conveyed are also called
collateral securities. 1 Pow. Mortg. 393; 2 Id. 666, n. 871; 3 Id. 944,
1001.
COLLATERAL WARRANTY,
contracts, descent. Where the heir's title to the land neither was, nor
could have been, derived from the warranting ancestor; and yet barred
the heir from ever claiming the land, and also imposed upon him the same
obligation of giving the warrantee other lands, in case of eviction, as
if the warranty were lineal, provided the heir had assets. 4 Cruise,
Real Prop. 436.
2.
The doctrine of collateral warranty, is, according to Justice Story,
one of the most unjust, oppressive and indefensible, in the whole range
of the common law. 1 Sumn. R. 262.
3.
By the statute of 4 & 5 Anne, c. 16, 21, all collateral warranties
of any land to be made after a certain day, by any ancestor who has no
estate of inheritance in possession in the same, were made void against
the heir. This Statute has been reenacted in New. York; 4 Kent, Com.
460, 3d ed.; and in New Jersey. 3 Halst. R. 106. It has been adopted and
is in force in Rhode Island; 1 Sumn. R. 235; and in Delaware. Harring.
R. 50. In Kentucky and Virginia, it seems that collateral warranty binds
the heir to the extent of assets descended. 1 Dana, R. 59. In
Pennsylvania, collateral warranty of the ancestor, with sufficient real
assets descending to the heirs, bars them from recovering the lands
warranted. 4 Dall. R. 168; 2 Yeates, R. 509; 9 S. & R. 275. See 1
Sumn. 262; 3 Halst. 106; Harring. 50; 3 Rand. 549; 9 S. & R. 275; 4
Dall. 168; 2 Yeates, 509; 1 Dana, 50.
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